brg ha scritto: mer, 04 dic 2024 0:13
Il dubbio che mi viene è, in questo caso "countercharge" è usato in senso stretto o più vago?
È usato in senso metaforico. Il testo è un libretto d'apologetica cattolica. L'autore sta parlando degli episodi storici che identifica come ricorrenti reviviscenze e ringiovanimenti del cattolicesimo, ogni due o tre secoli, per cui supera anche le crisi apparentemente più terribili. Il brano in cui appare il termine è il seguente:
[...] Working backwards on the same principle, I will mention at least two examples which I suspect to have been similar; the case of Islam and the case of Arianism. The Church had any number of opportunities of dying, and even of being respectfully interred. But the younger generation always began once again to knock at the door; and never louder than when it was knocking at the lid of the coffin in which it had been prematurely buried. Islam and Arianism were both attempts to broaden the basis to a sane and simple Theism, the former supported by great military success and the latter by great imperial prestige. They ought to have finally established the new system, but for the one perplexing fact, that the old system preserved the only seed and secret of novelty. Anyone reading between the lines of the twelfth-century record can see that the world was permeated by potential Pantheism and Paganism; we can see it in the dread of the Arabian version of Aristotle, in the rumour about great men being Moslems in secret; the old men, seeing the simple faith of the Dark Ages dissolving, might well have thought that the fading of Christendom into Islam would be the next thing to happen. If so, the old men would have been much surprised at what did happen.
What did happen was a roar like thunder from thousands and thousands of young men, throwing all their youth into one exultant counter-charge: the Crusades. The actual effect of danger from the younger religion was renewal of our own youth. It was the sons of St. Francis, the Jugglers of God, wandering singing over all the roads of the world; it was the Gothic going up like a flight of arrows; it was a rejuvenation of Europe. [...]
Come dicevo sopra, dato che è un uso metaforico potrei cavarmela con [
contr]
offensiva, [
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attacco. Ma [
contro]
carica mi sembra più efficace, più forte e calzante, perché ha vistoso in sé il senso di 'lanciarsi contro le armi nemiche e a grande velocità col proprio corpo', in prima persona in una situazione di grande pericolo, e quindi con coraggiosa disposizione al sacrificio («throwing all their youth»); mentre [
contr]
offensiva e [
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attacco sono più vaghi, generali, e non mi evocano le stesse sensazioni. Un contrattacco e una controffensiva possono anche essere condotti in modo oculato, distaccato, senza l'inevitabile partecipazione emotiva e il rischio di morte insiti nella carica.